李胜利
中国医学科学院阜外医院 重症医学科
OBJECTIVES:1) To describe the postoperative course and outcomes of cardiac surgery in children with perioperative viral respiratory infection, 2) to evaluate optimal surgical timing for preoperative viral respiratory infection patients, and 3) to define risk stratification.DESIGN:Retrospective study of children undergoing cardiac surgery. Children were tested using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (respiratory virus polymerase chain reaction) panel capturing seven respiratory viruses. Respiratory virus polymerase chain reaction testing was routinely performed in patients under 2 years old. Those with negative results yet highly suspected of viral respiratory infection after surgeries would be tested again.SETTING:A pediatric cardiac surgical ICU of pediatric cardiac surgery department at Fuwai Hospital.PATIENTS:Children admitted between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016, to perform respiratory virus polymerase chain reaction testing and cardiac surgery were included.INTERVENTIONS:None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:A total of 2,831 patients had respiratory virus polymerase chain reaction testing, and viruses were detected in 91 patients (3.2%), including 35 preoperative and 56 postoperative. Of the 35 preoperative viral respiratory infection patients, there were 29 viral respiratory infection-resolved (patients for whom surgery was postponed until resolution of viral respiratory infection symptoms and negative respiratory virus polymerase chain reaction) and six viral respiratory infection-unresolved (who underwent cardiac surgery before resolution of symptoms and clearance of carriage) patients. Furthermore, there were seven deaths, including one in the preoperative viral respiratory infection-unresolved group and six in the postoperative viral respiratory infection group. A propensity score matching was performed to correct the selection bias and identify the comparable patient groups. Compared to their matched nonviral respiratory infection patients, viral respiratory infection-resolved patients had similar duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay, while viral respiratory infection-unresolved patients had longer durations of postoperative mechanical ventilation (p = 0.033), PICU (p = 0.028) and hospital length of stay (p = 0.010), and postoperative viral respiratory infection patients had significantly greater duration of postoperative recovery (p < 0.001) and higher mortality (p < 0.001). Earlier diagnosis of postoperative viral respiratory infection was associated with longer mechanical ventilation duration (r = 0.422; p < 0.001). Palliative cardiac surgery was the only variable significantly associated with mortality in multivariate analysis (odds ratio, 12.0; 95% CI, 1.6-87.5; p = 0.014).CONCLUSIONS:The preoperative-unresolved and postoperative viral respiratory infection were associated with prolonged postoperative recovery, increased severity, and mortality in children with cardiac surgeries. Our results suggested the optimal surgical timing may be after the resolution of viral respiratory infection symptoms and carriage unless the perceived benefits of early surgery outweigh the risk of death, prolonged ventilation, and PICU length of stay. Palliative surgeries were associated with increasing mortality.
Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies 2020
INTRODUCTION:This study examined early postoperative results to identify perioperative factors that are associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients undergoing corrective surgery.METHODS:We retrospectively examined the role of perioperative variables in determining the period of mechanical ventilatory support in TOF patients undergoing corrective surgery. A total of 821 patients were included in the study. The cohort was divided into a PMV group that included patients with >90th percentile for duration of mechanical ventilation and a non-PMV group which included all other patients.RESULTS:Non-PMV group consisted of 751 patients (454 males, 297 females; median age 12 months, interquartile range 8-19 months; mean weight 9.60 ± 2.98 kg). PMV group consisted of 70 patients (51 males, 19 females; median age 8 months, interquartile range 6.75-13 months; mean weight 8.64 ± 1.95 kg). No patients died in the non-PMV group compared with two deaths due to acute respiratory distress syndrome in the PMV group. Univariate risk factors for PMV included age, weight, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), McGoon ratio, Nakata index, previous palliative operations, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, aortic cross-clamp (ACC) time, preoperative major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) occlusion by coils in hybrid procedure, postoperative right ventricular/left ventricular systolic pressure ratio, central venous pressure (CVP), left atrial pressure (LAP), endotracheal reintubation, vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS), renal replacement therapy, and early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). In a multivariable model, age, LVEDVI, McGoon ratio, Nakata index, previous palliative operations, CPB time, blood returning to left atrium during surgery as a surrogate marker for significant aortopulmonary collateral presence, and early-onset VAP were the independent risk factors for PMV.CONCLUSIONS:The risk factors for PMV were age, LVEDVI, McGoon ratio, Nakata index, previous palliative operations, CPB time, VIS, LAP, blood returning to left atrium during surgery, and early-onset VAP.
Congenital heart disease 2015
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children after open heart surgery, although uncommon, can be a significant source of morbidity. Because high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) had been used successfully with pediatric patients who had no congenital heart defects, this therapy was used in our unit. This report aims to describe a single-center experience with HFOV in the management of ARDS after open heart surgery with respect to mortality. This retrospective clinical study was conducted in a pediatric intensive care unit. From October 2008 to August 2012, 64 of 10,843 patients with refractory ARDS who underwent corrective surgery at our institution were ventilated with HFOV. Patients with significant uncorrected residual lesions were not included. No interventions were performed. The patients were followed up until hospital discharge. The main outcome measure was survival to hospital discharge. Severe ARDS was defined as acute-onset pulmonary failure with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and an oxygenation index (OI) higher than 13 despite maximal ventilator settings. The indication for HFOV was acute severe ARDS unresponsive to optimal conventional treatment. The variables recorded and subjected to multivariate analysis were patient demographics, underlying disease, clinical data, and ventilator parameters and their association with hospital mortality. Nearly 10,843 patients underwent surgery during the study period, and the ARDS incidence rate was 0.76 % (83/10,843), with 64 patients (77 %, 64/83) receiving HFOV. No significant changes in systemic or central venous pressure were associated with initiation and maintenance of HFOV. The complications during HFOV included pneumothorax for 22 patients. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 39 % (25/64). Multiple regression analyses indicated that pulmonary hypertension and recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) before surgery were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. The findings show that HFOV is an effective and safe method for ventilating severe ARDS patients after corrective cardiac surgery. Pulmonary hypertension and RRTIs before surgery were risk factors for in-hospital mortality.
Pediatric cardiology 2013
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY:The study aim was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of photooxidatively stabilized bovine jugular vein and the in-vitro endothelialization properties of such material.METHODS:Bovine jugular veins were cross-linked by dye-mediated photooxidation and cut into 4 cm2 pieces. Ovine jugular vein endothelial cells were isolated, cultured, and then seeded onto the inner surface of bovine jugular vein patches at a density of 1.5 x 10(5) per cm2. Specimens were cultured for five days and then examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and immunohistochemical staining for von Willebrand factor.RESULTS:SEM showed confluent lining of cultured ovine jugular vein endothelial cells similar to native endothelium. Von Willebrand factor staining for cells on the surface of patches was positive.CONCLUSION:The photooxidatively stabilized bovine jugular vein patches were not cytotoxic, and their in-vitro endothelialization was possible.
The Journal of heart valve disease 2003
